Journal summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Diary outline - Essay Example A portion of the side effects of the ailment incorporate either mind-set scenes that may comprise an excessively upbeat state, otherwise called hyper scenes, or burdensome scenes, which is an amazingly sad or pitiful state (Saunders, 2010). It is conceivable to utilize a few prescriptions in the treatment of the confusion, which are comprehensive of state of mind stabilizers utilized for the avoidance of hyper scenes that may be repetitive. Aside from the meds utilized, a portion of different mediations material for controlling the confusion incorporate psychotherapy meetings for the relatives just as the individual, bolster gatherings, and psychoeducational classes (Saunders, 2010). A portion of the nursing mediations utilized for patients with the sickness may include the adjustment of intense manifestations, security measures and emergency intercession instruments. Be that as it may, the utilization of the mediations depends with the status of the patient. The obligation of the medical attendant for this situation is survey the conduct of the patient, their disposition or manners of thinking, which is a thought that will help the patient in getting a positive perioperative encounter (Saunders,

Increasing human population Essay

It can move qualities across species limits; all the more significantly, across enormous ordered partitions. It can likewise empower the joining of research facility combined nucleic acids for creator purposes. GM nourishments can be separated into those that contain tissues and nucleic acids from the GM source life form (e. g. tomato puree) and those that contain refined subordinates that might be synthetically unclear from similar fixings disconnected from non-GMO's (e. g. the phospholipid, lecithin and other indicated oils and proteins from Soya). Given these refined fixings are artificially indistinguishable from those from non-GMO sources, they ought not modify existing wellbeing dangers. Tragically, complete virtue is unachievable. Nourishments that contain unique GMO tissue may contain startling parts and outsider nucleotide arrangements. The Questions emerge: can outsider nucleotide successions be moved to the gut smaller scale living beings or be consumed by human tissues, maybe through phagocytosis or the office of viral transduction?. In the event that they can, what are the dangers to human wellbeing produced as an outcome?. The Biochemist P32 October 1999 ? 1999 The Biochemical Society The innovation will permit us to make in significant yield plants materials we once needed to get from different sources â€, for example, modern feed stocks or meds. Pepper. G. Yield Sciences Dept University of Illinois Crops that oppose dry season and malady guarantee to change the lives of poor ranchers - if no one but they could bear the cost of them Five million Brazilians confronted starvation this year. This time it was a dry season identified with El Nii o that divided grain crops in the upper east of the nation, however one year from now it will be something different. Starvation is enduring in Brazil. In September Monsanto, the world’s biggest provider of hereditarily changed seeds, reported it would put $550 million in Brazil to construct a manufacturing plant creating its herbicide Roundup. In a matter of seconds a short time later the Brazilian government made Monsanto’s Roundup-safe Soya beans the country’s first lawfully affirmed, hereditarily designed yield. The Soya beans will help benefits for the enormous landowners who develop them to take care of meat dairy cattle for trade. In any case, most rustic Brazilians are resource ranchers who don't develop Soya. No assist will with streaming down from Monsanto’s beans to the destitute millions. The story embodies the constrained commitment hereditarily changed yields have made so far to annihilating world craving. It isn't that biotech organizations are uninterested in the creating scene. A long way from it: Brazil and other recently industrializing nations are in certainty practical objectives, with their developing interest for agrarian items, little restriction to biotechnology, and ranchers who have transcended hard unite means, yet have not yet become clients of the world’s seed and agrochemicals combinations. Yields that flourish in spite of dry season and salty soils could likewise let ranchers grow creation into minimal grounds. What's more, the healthful substance of staples could be improved. On the off chance that maize, for instance, can be made to create a greater amount of the amino acids it normally does not have, the 80 million individuals who live solely on maize would get more protein. Ganesh Kishore, head of sustenance at Monsanto, says: â€Å"We can make it into a total adjusted supper. † Arber. W. (Article: The Bio business Association 1999 http://www. bioindustry. organization/) Genetically adjusted harvests are not any more risky to nature than customary yields and could help corn, rice and other food yields by as much as 25 percent in creating nations http://www.freep. com/news/wellbeing/qdiet141. htm Foods can likewise be hereditarily adjusted to guarantee that they last longer by expelling or including certain qualities. This procedure gives them a more noteworthy timeframe of realistic usability and means they are less inclined to wounding when in travel. They are additionally less inclined to lose their shading and all the more critically, hold a greater amount of their supplements. This eventually gives customers a superior item and lessens the measure of waste for the makers and retailers. Proteins fundamental to our eating regimens can be added to nourishments which don’t customarily contain them, which is significant for individuals lacking them. In time, this will likewise be valid for nutrients, minerals and different supplements. http://www. futuradesign. co. uk/gm/as for the data I have concentrated in this I infer that hereditary alteration of nourishments isn't without some incited hazard as thoroughly outsider qualities are being embedded into creatures from inconsequential species. This has been appeared to conceivably change the new organism’s 'properties' as a food substrate either gainfully or unfavorably. I accept that GM nourishments have extraordinary potential in giving food to a regularly expanding populace where progressively customary agrarian procedures may battle to adapt or fall flat. Be that as it may, proficient guideline of the market is fundamental and the proactive methods which have created to satisfy this need may have had a critical impact in open rejectance of GM procedures in certain nations. Show see just The above see is unformatted content This understudy composed bit of work is one of numerous that can be found in our GCSE Variation and Inheritance segment.

Eugene Oneill (1167 words) Essay Example For Students

Eugene Oneill (1167 words) Essay Eugene OneillEugene Gladstone ONeills life is reflected all through his plays so as to let out his actual sentiments. Eugene ONeill was conceived in October on the 16, 1888. He was conceived in New York City, New York, in an inn on forty-third and Broadway. For the initial seven years of his life, he went with his folks. James ONeill, his dad, was among the top on-screen characters of his time and his mom, Ellen Quinlan, didn't work, she just followed James from stage to organize. They went with the well known acting, The Count of Monte Cristo, which his dad acted in. Directly from the beginning, ONeill was growing up with plays surrounding him (143). Eugenes early instruction originated from various Catholic schools. From 1895-1900, he went to St. Aloysius Academy for young men in Riverdale, New York, and from 1900-1902 he went to De La Salle Institute in New York. After the De La Salle Institute, he went to a private academy, Betts Academy in Stanford, Connecticut. From 1906-1907, he went to Princeton. Following a year, he was kicked out for breaking a window in a stationmasters house. During these time of instruction his home life, or life out and about, wasnt excellent. As indicated by George H. Jensen in the Dictionary of Literary Biography , Eugenes home life was urgent to the plays that he composed. Loaded up with blame, selling out, and allegations, it is, at times difficult to see and now and again Castellari 2very simple for us to see. Ellen Quinlan ONeill felt selling out when three months after her marriage, James was blamed by Nettie Walsh for being her significant other and the dad of her youngster. Jamie, Ellens fir stborn, passed the measles to Edmund, her subsequent conceived, who kicked the bucket in the blink of an eye a while later. Ellen turned into a medication someone who is addicted after a specialist gave her morphine while showing signs of improvement after Eugenes birth. Afterward, she accused her fixation for James, her significant other. She said that he was too tightfisted to even think about paying for a decent specialist (141-142). This is nearly the specific plot of the play Long Days Journey Into Night. The vast majority of his whole home life was formed into his plays. His inclination about his mom being a medication someone who is addicted were introduced in the play Long Days Journey Into Night (156). ?His initial years were significantly influenced by the weights of his moms repeating psychological sickness and chronic drug use and by his rough relationship with his dad, a conflicting family circumstance that he later drew upon when composing Long Days Journey into Night? (Poupard 156). In the play, the mother was a morphine someone who is addicted, similarly as his mom was, all things considered. Throughout everyday life, her habit was a result of the introduction of her subsequent child, Edmund, yet she accuses her better half. In the play, the mother really accuses her morphine enslavement for her most youthful child, Edmund. While Eugene was inhabiting home, there were numerous different things turning out badly that appeared in Long Days Journey into Night. One of the occasions was the relationship of his mom and father. For an amazing duration, they quarreled Castellari 3continuously over her illicit drug use. Another was that Edmund was debilitated all through the whole play. ONeills genuine sibling Edmund was debilitated since a little youngster and kicked the bucket of jungle fever. This whole play can nearly be viewed as a self-portrayal (146-147). Eugene ONeills Long Days Journey into Night is seriously close to home and legitimately personal. Written in a horrifying endeavor to get himself, and no uncertainty essentially for the wellbeing of his own, it isn't just about himself, yet about his dad and his mom too. Since ONeill was so basically a producer, self-assessment and the endeavor to help the weight of the past unavoidably appeared as a show. (Krutch 158)Eugene Gladstone ONeills play Long Days Journey into Night certainly depicts his emotions about his family. He shows that he despises the relationship of his folks, however that he can not accuse it entirely for them. He additionally puts some portion of the fault on the medications that make his mom demonstration the manner in which she does and on the liquor that makes his dad demonstration the way that he does (158). When ONeill ventured out from home and was excused from Princeton as a result of his levels, he needed to work a couple of unspecialized temp jobs so he didnt need to live in the city. In 1909 he met and wedded Kathleen Jenkins. His dad opposed the marriage, so he sent Eugene to Honduras to prospect for gold. While he was Castellari 4there he gotten jungle fever, which made him return home. Kathleen then brought forth Eugenes first child, Eugene Gladstone Jr. A month after his child was conceived he turned into a sailor on the Charles Racine, a Norwegian boat. Subsequent to working for some time, in 1911 he came back to New York. Kathleen and Eugene separated in light of the fact that Kathleen didnt like Eugene continually being ceaselessly. He at that point moved to Jimmy-the-Priests, a waterfront loft place. Before long enough he took another journey. He went out on the New York and returned on the Philadelphia, them two were extravagance liners. ?These journeys gave material to The Hairy Ape and different plays? (Jensen 142). .u1b4ff191587bda73b0e543174b20b9ac , .u1b4ff191587bda73b0e543174b20b9ac .postImageUrl , .u1b4ff191587bda73b0e543174b20b9ac .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u1b4ff191587bda73b0e543174b20b9ac , .u1b4ff191587bda73b0e543174b20b9ac:hover , .u1b4ff191587bda73b0e543174b20b9ac:visited , .u1b4ff191587bda73b0e543174b20b9ac:active { border:0!important; } .u1b4ff191587bda73b0e543174b20b9ac .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u1b4ff191587bda73b0e543174b20b9ac { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u1b4ff191587bda73b0e543174b20b9ac:active , .u1b4ff191587bda73b0e543174b20b9ac:hover { darkness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u1b4ff191587bda73b0e543174b20b9ac .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u1b4ff191587bda73b0e543174b20b9ac .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .u1b4ff191587bda73b0e543174b20b9ac .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u1b4ff191587bda73b0e543174b20b9ac .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content improvement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1b4ff191587bda73b0e543174b20b9ac:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u1b4ff191587 bda73b0e543174b20b9ac .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u1b4ff191587bda73b0e543174b20b9ac-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u1b4ff191587bda73b0e543174b20b9ac:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Vampires, Obsession Throughout Eternity Obsession Analysis EssayAt the finish of 1912, he picked the concise vocation as a columnist. It because short was on the grounds that he became determined to have tuberculosis. He entered the Gaylord Farm Sanitorium to be dealt with. This is the place ONeill restored his life. He went into the sanitorium as a terrible artist, yet he came out with the choice to be a genuine author. He started to seek after this decision while living with the Rippin family in New London. This is the place he began to compose a couple of his best plays (160). Having grown up with The Count of Monte Cristo, ONeill had minimal decision yet to started by composing melodramas. In the mid twentieth century, showy analyses in Europe were not handily transplanted to America. The unavoidable model, at that point was the drama, where plot was progressively significant that the portrayal. ONeill in the end parted from the Castellari 5tradition of drama by making portrayal more significant than plot. (142)In the primary plays, ONeill has the plot and the activity considerably more critical than his characters. Later on in his composing profession he started to make the characters much more significant than the plot, particularly when he expounds on his life as he did in Long Days Journey into Night (154). All through an amazing remainder as an essayist, he was recognized for some works. He has won the Pulitzer Prize multiple times, for Beyond the Horizon, Anna Christine, Strange Interlude, and keep going for Long Days Journey into Night. He has likewise won numerous different honors. His greatest accomplishment was the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1936. Be that as it may, his best play was never truly seen by people in general until after his demise, Long Days Journey into Night. Eugene Gladstone ONeill kicked the bucket in Boston, Massachusetts on November 27, 1957. English Essays

Evaluation Of Alternative Volatility Forecasting Methods - Free Essay Example

For many financial market applications, including option pricing and investment decisions, volatility forecasting is crucial. Therefore, the research of volatility forecasting has been an active area of study since the past years. In recent years, the emergence of many financial time series methods for volatility forecasting has proved the importance of understanding the nature of volatility in any financial instruments. Often, people will think à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"priceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is used as an indicator of the stock market performance. Due to the non-stationary nature of price series of the stock market, most researchers actually transformed series of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"price change (return)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"absolute price changes (absolute return)à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ in their studies. There is a difference between the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"returnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ and the term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"volatilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢. The term à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"volatilityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is used as a crude measure of the total risk of financial assets. Actually, volatility is the standard deviation or the variance of returns whereas à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"returnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ is merely the changes of prices. An increasingly commonly adopted tool for the measurement of the risk exposure associated with a particular portfolio of assets known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Value at Riskà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (VaR) in volves calculation of the expected losses that might result from changes in the market prices of particular securities (Jorion, 2001; Bessis, 2002). Thus, the VaR of a particular portfolio is defined as the maximum loss on a portfolio occurring within a specified time and with a given (small) probability. Under this approach, the validity of a bankà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s internally modeled VaR is à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"backtestedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ by comparing actual daily trading gains or losses with the estimated VaR and noting the number of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"exceptionsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ occurring, in the sense of days when the VaR estimate was insufficient to cover actual trading losses, with concerns naturally arising where such exceptions frequently occur, and that can result in a range of penalties for the financial institution concerned (Saunders Cornett, 2003). A crucial parameter in the implementation of parametric VaR calculation methods is an estimate of the volatility parameter tha t describes the asset or portfolio, or more accurately a forecast of that volatility where the simplifying assumption of constancy is relaxed and time-varying volatility is acknowledged. While it has long been recognized that returns volatility exhibits à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"clustering,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ such that large (small) returns follow large (small) returns of random sign (Mandelbrot, 1963; Fama, 1965), it is only following the introduction of the generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model (Engle, 1982; Bollerslev, 1986) that financial economists have modeled and forecast these temporal dependencies using econometric techniques, and a variety of adaptations of the basic GARCH framework are now widely used in modeling time-varying volatility. In particular, the significance of asymmetric effects in stock index returns has been widely documented, such that equity return volatility increases by a greater amount following positive shocks, usually associated with the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"leverage effect,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ whereby a firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s debt-to-equity ratio increases when equity values decline, and holders of that equity perceive future income streams of the firm as being more risky (Black, 1976; Christie, 1982). Such variance asymmetry has been successfully modeled and forecast in a variety of market contexts (Henry, 1998) using the threshold-GARCH (TGARCH) model (Glosten et al., 1993), and the exponential-GARCH (EGARCH) model (Nelson, 1991) in particular. Problem Statement While risk management practises in financial institutions often rely on simpler volatility forecasting approaches based on heuristics and moving average, smoothing or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"RiskMetricsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ techniques, symmetric and asymmetric GARCH models have also recently begun to be considered in the VaR context. However, the standard GARCH model and variants within that class of model impose rapid exponential decay in the effect of shocks on conditional variance. In contrast, empirical evidence has suggested that volatility tends to change slowly and that shocks take a considerable time to decay (Ding et al., 1993). The fractionally integrated-GARCH (FIGARCH) model (Baillie et al., 1996; Chung, 1999) has provided a popular means of capturing and forecasting such non-integrated but highly persistent à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"long memoryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ dynamics in volatility in the recent empirical literature, as well as its exponential (FIEGARCH) variant (Bollerslev Mikkelsen, 19 96) which parallels the EGARCH extension of the basic GARCH form, and therefore provides a generalization capable of capturing both the volatility asymmetry and long memory in volatility which are potential characteristics of emerging equity markets. Research Objectives This paper therefore seeks to extend previous research concerned with the evaluation of alternative volatility forecasting methods under VaR modeling in the context of the Basle Committee criterion for determining the adequacy of the resulting VaR estimates in two ways. First, by broadening the class of GARCH models under consideration to include more recently proposed models such as the FIGARCH and FIEGARCH representations described above, which are capable of accommodating potential fractional integration and the associated long memory characteristics of return volatility, as well as the more simple and computationally less intensive methods commonly used in financial institutions. Second, extending the scope of previous research through evaluative application of these methods to daily index data of nine stock market indexes. Significance of this study The extensive research of volatility forecasting plays an important role for investment, financial risk management, security valuation, and also business decision-making process. Without a proper forecasting tools and research on this field, many financial decision making process will be difficult and risky to be implemented. The positive contribution of volatility forecasting in the field of finance is no doubt a fact as it given many practitioners a mean of guidelines to estimate their management risk such as option pricing, hedging and estimating investment risk. Therefore, it is crucial to study on the performance of different approaches and methods of forecast model to determine the best suitable practical application for different situation. The most common form of financial instrument is the stock market. The stock indices consist of a particular countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s most prominent stocks. Thus, in this study our aim is to focus on forecasting the stock indices volatil ity of eight different stock indices that provide us the ability to test the forecast approaches. There are quite a number of forecast models since the recent years. However, the new concern is on the performance of these forecast model when incorporated with higher frequency data with the realized volatility method. There are still gap for researching the intra-day data effects on forecasting model which is comparative new as compared to daily data volatility forecasting. The significant role of this study also include whether intra-day data can really help at improving the performance of forecast model to estimate volatility for the stock index. Review of Chapters In this proposal, the report is mainly subdivided into three chapters. Chapter 1 is about the overview of this research which includes the background of the study, the research objective, problem statement, and the significance of this study. Chapter 2 presents the literature review of volatility forecasting, GARCH models, exponentially smoothing and realized volatility. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Volatility forecasting Volatility forecasts are produced by either market-based or time-series methods. Market-based forecasting involves the calculation of implied volatility from current option prices by solving the Black and Scholes option pricing model for the volatility that results in a price equal to the market price. In this paper, our focus is on the development of a new time series method. These methods provide estimates of the conditional variance, à Ã†â€™2t = var(rt | It-1), of the log return, rt, at time t conditional on It à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1, the information set of all observed returns up to time t à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1. This can be viewed as the variance of an error (or residual) term, ÃŽÂ µt, defined by ÃŽÂ µt = rt à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" E(rt | It à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1 ), where E(rt | It à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1 ) is a conditional mean term, which is often assumed to be zero or a constant. ÃŽÂ µt is often referred to as the price à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“shockà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? or à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“new sà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?. 2.2 Overview of standard volatility forecast model 2.2.1 GARCH model GARCH models (Engle, 1982; Bollersle, 1986) are the most widely used statistical models for volatility. GARCH models express the conditional variance as a linear function of lagged squared error terms and lagged conditional variance terms. For example, the GARCH(1, 1) model is shown in the following expression: à Ã†â€™2t = à Ã¢â‚¬ ° + ÃŽÂ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µ2t à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1 + ÃŽÂ ²Ãƒ Ã†â€™2t à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1, where à Ã¢â‚¬ °, ÃŽÂ ±, and ÃŽÂ ² are parameters. The multiperiod variance forecast, , is calculated as the sum of the variance forecasts for each of the k periods making up the holding period: where is the one-step-ahead variance forecast. Empirical results for the GARCH(1, 1) model have shown that often ÃŽÂ ² à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‹â€  (1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" ÃŽÂ ±). The model in which ÃŽÂ ² = (1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" ÃŽÂ ±) is term integrated GARCH (IGARCH) (Nelson, 1990). Exponential smoothing has the same formulation as the IGARCH(1, 1) model wit h the additional restriction that à Ã¢â‚¬ ° = 0. The IGARCH(1, 1) multiperiod forecast is written as Stock return volatility is often found to be greater following a negative return than a positive return of equal size. This leverage effect has promted the development of a number of GARCH models that allow for asymmetry. The first asymmetric formulation was the exponential GARCH model of Nelson (1991). In this log formulation for volatility, the impact of lagged squared residuals is exponential, which may exaggerate the impact of large shocks. A simpler asymmetric model is the GJRGARCH model of Glosten et al. (1993). The GJRGARCH(1, 1) model is given by , where à Ã¢â‚¬ °, ÃŽÂ ±, ÃŽÂ ³, and ÃŽÂ ² are parameters; and I[.] is the indicator function. Typically, it is found that ÃŽÂ ± ÃŽÂ ³, which indicates the presence of the leverage effect. The assumption that the median of the distribution of ÃŽÂ µt is zero implies that the expectation of the indicator function is 0.5, which enables the derivation of the following multiperiod forecast expression: GARCH parameters are estimated by maximum likelihood, which requires the assumption that the standardized errors, ÃŽÂ µt / à Ã†â€™t, are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). Although a Gaussian assumption is common, the distribution is often fat tailed, which has prompted the use of the Student-t distribution (Bollerslev, 1987) and the generalized error distribution (Nelson, 1991). Stochastic volatility models provide an alternative statistical volatility modelling approach (Ghysels et al., 1996). However, estimation of these models has proved dif ficult and, consequently, they are not as widely used as GARCH models. Andersen et al. (2003) show how daily exchange rate volatility can be forecasted by fitting long-memory, or fractionally integrated, autoregressive and vector autoregressive models to the log realized daily volatility constructed from half-hourly returns. Although results for this approach are impressive, such high frequency data are not available to many forecasters, so there is still great interest in methods applied to daily data. A useful review of the volatility forecasting literature is provided by Poon and Granger (2003). 2.2.2 Exponentially Smoothing Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) is simple and well-known volatility forecast method. The method is based on the simple average of past squared residuals to estimate its variance forecasts. The EWMA allows the latest observations to have a stronger weighted impact on the volatility forecast of past data observations. The equation for the EWMA is shown and written as exponential smoothing in recursive form. The ÃŽÂ ± parameter is the smoothing parameter. The equation: There is no proper guideline or statistic model for exponential smoothing. Generally, literature suggested using reduction in the sum of in-sample one-step-ahead estimation of errors (Taylor, 2004 cited from Gardner, 1985). In RiskMetrics (1996), volatility forecasting for exponential smoothing is recommended to use the following minimisation: In the above equation, ÃŽÂ µ2t is the in-sample squared error which acted as the proxy for actual variance whereby it is said to be not observable. By using ÃŽÂ µ2t as a proxy for variance, the actual squared residual, ÃŽÂ µ2t, is said to be biased and noisy. In Andersen et al. (1998), the research showed the evaluation of variance forecasts using realised volatility as a more accurate proxy. The next section would discuss more on the literature of realised volatility. The usage of high frequency data for realised volatility in forecast evaluation can be applied in parameter estimation for exponential smoothing with the following minimisation expression: . 2.2.3 Realised volatility The recent researchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s interest in using a comparative volatility estimator as an alternative has emerged a significant literatures on volatility models that incorporated high frequency data. One of the emerging theories for a comparative volatility estimator is the so called Realized Volatility. Realized volatility is referred as the volatility calculated using a short period time series or using higher frequency periods. In Andersen and Bollerslev (1998) showed that high frequency data can be used to compute daily realize volatility which showed a better true variance than the usual daily return variance. This concept is adopted in Andersen, Bollerslev, Diebold Labys (2003) to forecast the daily stock volatility which found that the additional intraday information are provide better result in forecasting low volume and up market day. The application of realized volatility has also been employed by Taylor (2004) in parameters estimation for weekly volatility fo recasting using realised volatility derived from daily data. An encouraging result were showed by using the smooth transition exponential smoothing method whereby the research used eight stock indices to compare the weekly volatility forecast of this method with other GARCH models (Taylor, 2004). The concept of realized volatility has been employed by many researchers in forecasting of many other financial assets such as foreign exchange rates, individual stocks, stock indices and etcetera. One of the early application of realized volatility concept has used spot exchange rates of Deutschemark-US dollar and Japanese Yen-US dollar to show the superiority of using intraday data as realized volatility measure. The sum of squared five-minute high frequency returns incorporated in the forecasting model proved to outperform the daily squared returns as a volatility measure (Andersen et al., 1998). Another similar study done by Martens (2001) has adopted realized volatility in forecasti ng daily exchange rate volatility using intraday returns. The results showed that using highest available frequency of intraday returns leads to superior daily volatility forecast. Furthermore, realized volatility approach has also been extended to studies for risk and return trade-off using high frequency data. In Bali et al. (2005), the research provided strong positive correlation between risk and return for stock market using high frequency data. The usage of daily realized which incorporated valuable information from intraday returns produce more accurate measure of market risk. In addition to this study, Tzang et al. (2009) as applied the realized volatility approach as a proxy for market volatility rather than squared daily returns to assess the efficiency of various model based volatility forecast. Finally, the findings from a research done by Andersen, Bollerslev, Diebold Labys (2001) shown that realized volatility in certain conditions is free for measurement error and unbiased estimator for return volatility. The proven research has prompted many recent works in forecasting intra-day volatility to applied realized volatility for their studies. This can be observed in McMillan Garcia (2009), Fuertes et al. (2009), Frijns et al.(2008) and Martens (2001). Many researchers exploit the advantage of realised volatility as an unbiased estimatorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¸s measure for intra-day data and also as a simplified way to incorporated additional information into other forecast models. McMillan et al. (2009) utilised realised volatility to capture intraday volatilities itself as opposed to most researchers that uses realised volatility for daily realised approach. The study showed Hyperbolic Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasity (HYGARCH) as the best forecast model of intra-day volatility. 2.3 Forecast Models used in this study The forecast models that are presented in this study include: Random Walk (RW) 30 days Moving Average (MA30) Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) with =0.06 (RiskMetrics) Exponentially Smoothing with ÃŽÂ ± optimised (ES) Integrated General Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic using daily data (IGARCH) Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (Riskmetrics) on daily realised volatility calculated from intraday data. (EWMA-RV) Exponentially Smoothing with ÃŽÂ ± optimised on daily realised volatility calculated from intraday data. (ES-RV) General Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity model with intraday data using realised volatility approach (INTRAGARCH) Integrated General Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity with intraday data using realised volatility approach (IGARCH) General Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity with daily realised volatility (RV-GARCH) CHAPTER 3: DATA AND METHODOLOGY 3.1 Sample selection and description of the study Various comparative forecast models are used in order to evaluate the performance of incorporating intraday data. This study used dataset from nine stock indices include Malaysia (FTSE-BMKLCI), Singapore (STI), Frankfurt-Germany (DAX30), Hong Kong (Hang Seng Index), London-United Kingdom (FTSE100), France (CAC40), Shanghai-China (SSE), Shenzhen-China (SZSE), and United States (SP 100). These series consisted of daily closing prices and also the intraday hourly last price of their respective indices. The daily closing prices were retrieved using à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“DataStream Advance 4.0à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? and also from Yahoo Finance (https://finance.yahoo.com). Whereas, the hourly intraday last prices of these stock indices were retrieved from Bloomberg Terminal from Bursa Malaysia. Each stock index has their respective trading hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s last price which produced a different number of observations for each series. The total number of trading hours within the day differed amon g different stock index. However, the sample period used in this study spanned approximately for 300 trading days, from 15 October 2009 to 15 March 2011. In order to simplify the study, the focus is based on a one-step-ahead volatility forecast. The first 200 trading days log returns were applied to estimate the parameters for various forecast models which is known as the in-sample forecast. The remaining 100 trading days log returns were used for post-sample evaluation. This study aimed to forecast volatility in daily log returns for various forecasting methods and used daily realised volatility as proxy for actual volatility. The next subsections presented the data description and the 10 forecast methods which will be considered in the study. 3.2 Data Analysis 3.2.1 Forecasting Methods This subsection describes the methodology to forecast the in-sample and out-sample performance of various forecast models. The forecast model includes Random Walk (RW), Moving Average, GARCH models, and Exponential smoothing techniques. 3.2.1.1 Standard volatility forecast model using daily returns This project paper adopted the simple moving average of squared residuals from the recent past 30 daily observations which is labelled as MA30 and the Random Walk (RW) for the standard volatility forecast model as performance benchmark. The 30 day simple moving average is given by: Whereby, ÃŽÂ µ2 = (rt ÃŽÂ ¼)2 shown in the previous section. The moving average is able to smooth out the short running fluctuations and emphasize on the long run trends or cycles through a series of averaging different subsets of datasets. On the other hand, the Random Walk (RW) is explained as the forecast result is equal to the actual value of the recent period. The actual value in this study used is the squared residual denoted as, ÃŽÂ µ2t. The equation is as shown below:à ¯? ¥ Tomorrowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s forecasted value = yesterday actual value ()à ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ½ 3.2.1.2 GARCH models for hourly and daily returns There are many different GARCH models for forecasting volatility that can be included in this research. However, the consideration in this study is limited to 2 forecast GARCH models which are the GARCH and IGARCH for practicality. The GARCH models in this study have applied GARCH (1, 1) specifications. The three forecast model used were labelled as IGARCH, INTRA-IGARCH, and INTRA-GARCH models. The IGARCH model is estimated using daily residuals as daily data is easily obtained from the source mentioned above. The general IGARCH forecast model used is given by: à ¯? ¢Ãƒ ¯? ¥ à ¯? ³ But, the parameter estimate generate by EVIEW 7 will be using the following expression: à ¯? ³ à ¯? ¢ à ¯? ¡Ãƒ ¯? ¥ à ¯? ³ However, the INTRA-IGARCH and INTRA-GARCH models used hourly residual data to estimate the forecast for daily realised volatility. The forecast for volatility of these models over an N-trading hours span period would be recognised as the forecast of daily volatility. The N trading hourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s span period is dependent on the trading hours of a specified stock index. In order to calculate the daily realised volatility, the equation is for N trading hours in a day for a particular stock index is given by: Where period i is the higher frequency of hourly data and the ÃŽÂ µ2t, is the squared residual of the particular hour. For example, if KLCI index has a 7 trading hours per day, the realised daily volatility is calculated from the sum of squared residual of these 7 hours. Additionally, forecast models such as INTRA-IGARCH and INTRA-GARCH applied equation 3 to obtain the daily realised volatility by replacing the squared residual, ÃŽÂ µ2t with values that is for ecasted using these models. 3.2.1.3 GARCH model using realised volatility The GARCH model can be estimated using daily realised volatility which is derived from the hourly squared residual with equation 3. In order to apply RV for GARCH forecast model, equation 3 has to be modified to be squared root to be able to obtain the parameter estimates that is needed using EVIEW 6. The equation is as follow: As for this project paper, the GARCH model that used daily realised volatility as input data is labelled as RV-GARCH. 3.2.1.4 Exponential smoothing and EWMA methods The forecast model for exponential smoothing method has been implemented into two approaches. The first is by using minimisation of equation 3 to optimise the parameter and it is labelled as ES for this project paper. The actual value (squared residual), ÃŽÂ µ2t is obtained from the daily data. The second approach which is said to be the better proxy variance forecast has applied equation 4 for the minimisation. The forecast model for this exponential smoothing method is termed as ES-RV which adopted daily realised volatility from hourly data. Apart from that, the study also considered the smoothing parameter ÃŽÂ ± as a fixed value of 0.06 as recommended by RiskMetrics (1996) for model using daily data and daily realised volatility data derived from hourly data. The forecast model is termed as EWMA and EWMA-RV respectively. By using equation 2 as shown previously, the EWMA used daily squared residual as ÃŽÂ µ2t 1 parameter input while the EWMA-RV used the daily realised volatility as the ÃŽÂ µ2t 1 parameter input. 3.3 Research Design (Gantt Chart) Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Literature Review Methodology Research proposal Data collection Data analysis Discussion and conclusion

Students Admitted Through Post Ume Screening Tests

Purpose of Research This study grew out of curiosity to find out how students admitted through Post UME screening tests for three years running are doing in their academic work. The recent ban of the Post-UME screening exercise by the minister of education and reintroduction of the Post-UME scheme after persuasion from the union of Vice-Chancellors in July prior to the commencement of admission in 2016 has made me develop interest in the topic. The literature at my disposal has been carried out to evaluate the quality of academic performance of engineering students admitted through Post UME screening test. This study is therefore well-timed and well positioned to generate data for improving the exercise if it does have an effect in the academic performance. The purpose of the research therefore, is to evaluate the academic performance of the students admitted through Post UME screening test. Also to look critically at the generated data that will prove their superiority over their predecessors who were admitted through their UME scores in 2004 before the screening process was introduced. Hypothesis of the Study To compare the various groups in this study, hypothesis was stated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. Hypothesis: There will be no significant difference in academic performance between engineering students in various programs admitted through Post UME screening and those admitted through UME scores. Methodology The method utilized for this study was

Study about Grand Wines

Question: Discuss about the Garand Wines. Answer: Introduction The report reflects on the organization Grand Wines which utilizes manual system for managing its different operations. The use of manual system within Grand Wines creates number of challenges including wrong entry of sales within the database of the organization, dissatisfaction among the customers and late delivery of products (Grand Wine Spirits, 2017). For resolving the challenges, the organization wants to implement wireless data entry device. The device not only helps in resolving the problems but also helps in enhancing the speed of the delivery of the product. In this assignment scope, management plan is prepared which comprises of various needs of the project, both in scope-as well as out-scope items, deliverables and scope verification process. The project provides proper overview of the tasks that are needed for completing the project with the help of the Work Breakdown structure. With the help of the Gantt chart, different types of activities of the projects are defined and a time-phase budget is generated in order to complete the project within the estimated budget, which are around 60,000.00. The report also focuses on risk register for illustrating the various risks, which are associated with the development of the project. Scope Management Plan The wireless data entry device implementation in Grand Wines is very much cost-effective and it helps in saving the time requirement of the organization, which is considered as one of the significant benefit for the organization. The system helps in reducing the effort of the employees by increasing both the sales as well as income of the organization. The project must be able to recover budget that is proposed within the limited time-period. Requirement The organizations have numerous requirements for developing as well as completing the project successfully. The requirements include: Server: Installation of remote server is much important for implementing the project successfully in different local areas. The server must be connected with the central database of the organization, which is located in the region of Sydney (Joslin Muller, 2015). The sales representatives of Grand Wines enter the data within the database with the help of the wireless data entry device, which helps in minimizing the loss of data due to longer transmission. Application: It is quite important to have software interface as they helps in managing various information as well as data that are associated with the orders of the customers. The managers of Grand wine can mange as the data properly and they have full access on the information (Kerzner, 2013). This application also assists in sorting different types of data that helps in generating invoice as well as helps in managing the various inventories. Power Supply: The presence of a backup power supply is very much important requirement for implementing the project successfully. The backup power supply helps in providing secondary power to the different servers as well as to the networking devices in situation of power failure (Meng, 2012).Thus, the presence of backup power does not allow the system to shut down. ERP system: The ERP system helps in storing the various data and information of the organization properly. It helps in making all the operations of the system automatic and as a result, the consistency of the system enhances. It helps in reducing the problem including incorrect entry of data, delayed delivery and dissatisfaction among various stakeholders of the organization. Disaster recovery Plan: The data, which is entered in the database of the organization must be duplicated as well as stored in various cloud servers. If there is any fault in the present system then the information as well as data can be recovered properly (Bozarth Handfield, 2016). The loss of data is a huge loss for the company for storing the data remotely in various locations. Hardware: Different types of networking peripherals as well as hardware are needed for securing as well as setting up the system properly. Security Measures: The implementation of wireless data entry system raises numerous vulnerabilities, which are associated with different types of attacks (Chia, 2013).Therefore, it is quite important to monitor the system with the help of several security measures that helps in restricting the unauthorized access into the system. In scope-out scope items In-scope items In order to develop the project successfully, the main task that needs to be performed under the in scope item is the budget estimation of the project. The project manager of Grand Wines must have the responsibility to monitor the various monetary resources. They also help in arranging weekly meeting with the different stakeholders of the organization for developing the project successfully. The developing team of the organization must have proper as well as sound knowledge regarding the various tasks, which are assigned to them in order to complete the project successfully on time. Out-Scope items For avoiding various challenges as well as legal issues, it is very much important that the wireless data entry devices must meet all the legal standards. It is very much important to have proper connection between the server of the database as well as the devices. The devices must be accessible from any of the remote location. Deliverables The deliverables of the project comprises of various project charter document, WBS, scope statement, scheduling and preparation of Gantt chart. The time phase budget helps in reflecting the total budget estimation of the organization for implementing Wireless data entry device. The risk register, which is prepared in the project, helps in analyzing the risk, which is associated with the development of the project. Scope Verification Process The scope of the project must be verified for preparing the document properly, which is required for presenting the project before the CEO of Grand Wines. The requirement as well as need of the project must be identified properly for developing the implementation process of wireless entry of devices successfully. The various benefits of the project must be identified and documented properly for future use. It is also important to identify the various risks, which are related with the development of the project, and mitigation plans must be implemented in order to resolve the issues during various procedure of documentation. WBS Figure 1: Work Break down Structure (Source: Created by Author) Gantt chart Figure 2: Gantt chart (Source: Created by Author) Resource Sheet Resource Name Type Initials Max. Units Std. Rate Accrue At Base Calendar Project Manager Work P 100% $30.00/hr Prorated Standard System Analyst Work S 100% $20.00/hr Prorated Standard Graphic Designer Work G 100% $20.00/hr Prorated Standard Application Programmer Work A 100% $15.00/hr Prorated Standard Web system Expert Work W 100% $20.00/hr Prorated Standard Program Team Member_1 Work P 100% $15.00/hr Prorated Standard Program Team Member_2 Work P 100% $15.00/hr Prorated Standard Quality Assurance Tester Work Q 100% $20.00/hr Prorated Standard Database Administrator Work D 100% $15.00/hr Prorated Standard Team Member_1 Work T 100% $10.00/hr Prorated Standard Team Member_2 Work T 100% $10.00/hr Prorated Standard Time phase Budget Figure 3: Time Phase Budget (Source: Created by Author) It is identified that different types of assumptions as well as constraints are discussed for developing the time-phase budget. The different types of assumptions which are needed before creating the time phase budget includes the number of employees required for developing the project successfully, raw materials needed, budget estimation and different types of activities required for developing the project properly. There are three types of constraints, which are needed for completing the project successfully. The constraints are: Schedule: The project manager must follow proper schedule while completing the project. If the activities are not followed in proper schedule then the development of the project gets obstructed. Cost: The project cost must be estimated within proper properly before implementation of the project. Any problem in the estimation can obstruct the development process of the project. Scope: It is very much important to complete the entire project within proper as well as estimated time and budget. If project managers are unable to complete it within estimated budget and time then different types of problem occurs. Risk Register No. Rank Risk Description Category Root Cause Triggers Potential Responses Risk Owner Probability Impact Status R44 1 Risk due to high-budget When the cost of raw materials increases or the money spend on the implementation of various procedures increases they number of issue arises. The challenges may obstruct the implementation of project. The risk is related with the company The main cause of over budget is due improper management of expense, or due to increase in the prices or cost of the raw material. The rise of the cost of material, increase in labour cost, improper management of expenses etc are considered as triggers in enhancing the budget of the project. The organizational manager must maintain the cash flow of the orrganization properly or the expenses in the project must be done properly. Manager of the project. High High It is very much important to arrange meetings on the weekly basis in order to resolve the challenges that are associated with over budgeting. R21 2 Risk that occur due to presence of improper management Improper management within the organization leads to number of challenges that may also obstruct the implementation of the project. It mainly arises due to improper bonding between the various stakeholders of the organization. The risk is associated with the project The main reason behind improper management is absence of proper bonding between the stakeholders of the organization, or due to absence of proper rules and policies within the organization. The collision between the various stakeholders, rise in the budget of the project and absence of proper communication between the stakeholders assists in increasing the problem further. It is very much important for the organization to have proper internal relation between the various stakeholders. Project manager Medium Medium It is very much important to analyse the development of the project properly in order to manage the progress of the project effectively. R7 3 Risk due to obsolete technology The outdated technology raises number of risks in the implementation of wireless data entry device. It causes problems in managing the project properly. Project Risk The main root cause of the problem is due to improper management or absence of proper infrastructure for implementing the project successfully. The employee of the organization needs training for using the new system, which act as a trigger in increasing the problem that is associated with outdated technology. Proper technology must be utilized in order to improve the system. The improvement in the system leads to minimization of challenges. System Developer Medium High The organization is avoiding outdated technology and trying to use innovative technology for implementing the project. R2 4 Implementation of new as well as innovative technology Proper technology helps in implementing the project successfully. The opportunity for the project increases. The new technology leads to the development of differed procedures of the project successfully. It is very much important to have a system expert, for developing the implementation of wireless data entry system effectively. The system expert have proper experience as well as knowledge on the innovative technology which further helps in the development of the project. System analyst and expert Low Medium New technical expert must be hired for developing as well as implementing the project properly. Conclusion It can be concluded that the implementation of wireless data entry system in the organization helps in solving all the challenges of the organization Grand Wines that the organization faces due to the use of manual system. The implementation of the project needs proper planning as well as preparation of report. The implementation of new data entry system is very much advantageous as it helps in resolving the challenges that includes wrong entry of sales within the database of the organization, dissatisfaction among the customers and late delivery of products. With the help of the new system, the employees can have proper communication with the central database of the organization. It is very much important the resources as well as revenue should be managed properly in order to implement the project effectively. References Alotaibi, A. B., Mafimisebi, O. P. (2016). Project Management Practice: Redefining Theoretical Challenges in the 21st Century.Project Management,7(1). Bassi, A. (2015). General Management Principles in the Project Management Context. InManaging Intellectual Capital and Innovation for Sustainable and Inclusive Society: Managing Intellectual Capital and Innovation; Proceedings of the MakeLearn and TIIM Joint International Conference 2015. ToKnowPress. Boud, D., Cohen, R., Sampson, J. (Eds.). (2014).Peer learning in higher education: Learning from and with each other. Routledge. Bozarth, C. B., Handfield, R. B. (2016).Introduction to operations and supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed. Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Chia, R. (2013). Paradigms and perspectives in organizational project management research: implications for knowledge creation.Novel Approaches to Organizational Project Management Research: Translational and Transformational. Copenhagen Business School Press, Copenhagen, 33-55. Home Page. (2017).Grand Wine Spirits. Retrieved 11 January 2017, from https://www.grandwineonline.com/ Hornstein, H. A. (2015). The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), 291-298. Joslin, R., Mller, R. (2015).Relationships between a project management methodology and project success in different project governance contexts.International Journal of Project Management,33(6), 1377-1392. Kaiser, M. G., El Arbi, F., Ahlemann, F. (2015). Successful project portfolio management beyond project selection techniques: Understanding the role of structural alignment.International Journal of Project Management,33(1), 126-139. Kendrick, T. (2015).Identifying and managing project risk: essential tools for failure-proofing your project. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Kerzner, H. R. (2013).Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Leach, L. P. (2014).Critical chain project management. Artech House. Meng, X. (2012).The effect of relationship management on project performance in construction.International journal of project management,30(2), 188-198. Rowell, C. J. (2016). Book Review: Project Management for Information Professionals.Library Resources Technical Services,60(4), 280-281. Schwalbe, K. (2015).Information technology project management. Cengage Learning.

Compare and Contrast Essay Samples

Compare and Contrast Essay SamplesComparison and Contrast essay samples come in a variety of formats. Some of them are online and some of them can be printed on the web for immediate use. A comparison paper compares two or more examples to show similarities and differences. Contrast essays focus on the ways that an example may compare to another example.These essay samples have been used since the 1980s and they have stood the test of time because they are simple and quick to write. It only takes a few minutes to complete a Comparison and Contrast essay. It is great to have them because you can compare two different things and then look at similarities and differences.Many students love using Comparison and Contrast essays because they make their work a lot easier. They tend to get all the information in the first paragraph and then they can just move onto the second paragraph and then start to think about how it relates to the first paragraph. This is a very good way to do the essay . By the time you get to the second paragraph, you are already thinking about how the other thing was written. This makes it much easier to relate to them and this is what makes Comparison and Contrast essays so effective.When you go to a comparison and contrast essay samples, you will find that most of them will be of varying lengths. Some are brief, while others can be longer. The length of your essay is something that you need to consider because a shorter one may not be able to take advantage of the same material that a longer one can. Even if you do not see anything that interests you in the comparison paper, you should still write something down because a short one may get you more writing work to do when you get to the contrast paper.Comparison and contrast essay samples can be found online as well as offline. You should be able to find everything you need to finish your essay without having to leave the comfort of your home. You can even get them for free, which is great bec ause you can get them while you are having a meeting or working at the office.Another benefit to using Comparison and Contrast essay samples is that they can help you see things in a different way. They can get you to see things in a new light, and they can also make you see things in a different way than you would normally. That can be great because it helps you see how you can improve the things you have done before. You will not be as upset about what you did wrong and you will be more willing to try again.Comparison and Contrast essay samples can make you feel better and they can make you think more clearly. That is why they are so popular. If you want to do an essay on the internet, then you can find everything you need to start writing your essay and get it published in the easiest way possible. It only takes a few minutes to complete and the best part is that you can get it right now.There are many ways to write Comparison and Contrast essays. It all depends on what you want to accomplish with the essay. If you want to get more writing done in a short amount of time, then the essay sample may be just what you need. If you want to learn more about getting the most out of your essay, then you should look at some Comparisson and Contrast essay samples that you can find online.